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1. P'. BpflsKE; WALL CONSTRUCTION-AND CHANNEL BRICK THEREFOR.

/v A0 Y* n.' .l n l u .NIM ...1 WMI... u' i l JONATHAN I. B. FISKE, OI YORK, N. Y.

WALL CONST'R'UCTION AND CHANNEL-BRICK THEREFOR.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patnted luay 27, `1919.

Application led November 10, 1914. Serial No. 871,271.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JoNATrAN P. B. F IsKE, a citizen of the United States, and resident of New York city, county and State of New York, have invented an Improvement in lVall Constructions and Channel- Brick Therefor, of which the following description. in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like numerals on the drawings representing like parts.

Wy present invention is an improved form of moisture-proof wall construction and channel brick therefor of the double wall or twin wall type also illustrated in my copending applications Serial Nos. 826,098 and 826,099, tiled March 20, 191i, the former of said applications having resulted in Patent No. 1,250,295, on December 18, 1917. y

My inventions on a hollow wall construction comprising twin walls, and channel bricks or tiles for such walls, provide a moisture-proof hollow wall constructiom' with the outer face of each wall formed integrally with the connecting and binding cross plate, web or body port-ion of each brick, and with a plurality of vertical ribs in each wall arranged in alinement to give strength. Furthermore, my novel wall consists in a channel brick wherein each rib is utilized to carry the load, and also makes use of the mortar bonding between a pair of ribs for load carrying in addition to the ribs, thus forming a load carrying pillar. My novel type of twin wall construction may be used entirelyv without a facing course on the exterior and without any furring o-r lathing'on the interior and may have the exposed vertical faces constituting the exposed outer portions of each rib wire cut or finished in any suitable manner and preferablyT these exposed faces are of standard brick size. My channel brick enables a hollow wall to be built with double, solid, load-carrying. and lire-resisting portions at each face of the wall. each of said solid face-.walls being themselves Cifc-omposite construction, 2'. e., having a pluralityT of vertical ribs bonded by mortar, which mortar not onlyv binds, holds` and strengthens the ribs., but also has a mortar bearing surface on the body of the brick greater than the width of the webs. Thus a double or twin wall, each 'wall with a double (or greater plurality) of load-carrying members is provided, constituting a vertical pillar of alternating brick ribs and bonding material, and the Whole is quickly laid by channel bricks having a cross or body portion integral with the vertical ribs, firmly tying both parts of the Wall together, including the outer exposed face at each side of the wall, said outer faces being preferably of standard brick size. The contained ai-r spaces and interrupted morta-r joints transversely of the wall insure moistureproofness. By having each of these solid wall faces of composite construction, z'. e., pillars of alternate brick material or ribs` and mortar, greatly increased strength is given, as the mortar, being in a considerable mass, holds better on the edge of each rib and in addition thereto has a firm bearing seat or surface on the body portion of the brick, which mortar bearing surface is preferably contained between the ribs of the pair forming each of these side walls. As the strength of a brick wall depends upon the strength of the mortar course, a small ribbon of mortary under each yrib would in no way utilize the maximum strength obtainable b v my invention, which, in addition to the brick ribs, provides a relatively broad mortar scat of considerably greater area than that aorded by the edges of the ribs only. Furthermore, av narrow rib or web does not take and hold mortar well, and

by having a large mass of mortar, this difficultyisovercome, and in' addition to the increased mortar bearingsurface of each brick, niv invention provides that the mortar course will be bet-ter applied'to the edge of each rib.l rIltis particular feat-ure of providing mortar recesses and a mortair-retaining rib designed and intended for the purpose of holding a mass of mortar for the mortar course to bond rows of channel brick and to enable said mortar to be laid and retained on top of the rib or ribs because of the adj acent mass, thus giving a mortar interlock as well as bonding' and unifying the wall section, the channel forming said recesses and ribs being parallel to the face of the brick and wall and of any desired depth, is important and l wish to claim the same broadly. My form of so-called twin walls inclosing` a horizontal air space and givinga solidv tire-resisting wall or pillar, at each face, each wall comprising .a plurality of ribs in alinement and utilizing each and ing the ribs together, for withstanding the compressive load in the Wall is believed to be a distinct novelty and I wish to claim the same broadly in this application, the lbrick hereinl illustrated being the simplest form at present known to me for this double twin wall construction.

In the drawings, illustrating preferred embodiments of the present twin wall and brick therefor,

Figure 1 is a view, in cross section, of a hollow block adapted to be cut into twobricks, and built into a twin wall construction' A Fig. 2 is a perspective view of this form of brick as built up in a twin wall construction' Fig. 3 is a modified form illustrating in cross section a simple form of block adapted material out of the die as a block or double,

brick, scoring the sides and cutting this block into two separate channel brick. This economy in manufacture is of great importance, as will be readily understood, since the cost of manufacture of such brick is so much less than where molding or pressing machines are utilized, as to'entirely eliminate competition from such machine-made blocks, although my brick could be pressed if desired. In theY form shown in Fig. 1 each channel brick comprises a horizontal body portion or binding ,tie web 1, this web carrying, at either end, a pair of vertical ribs, the inner ribs'being designated as 2 land the outer ribs as 3, scoring 4 defining the two bricks when made in the form shown in cross section, Fig. 1. These ribs 2 and 3 are intended as the vertical part of the brick when laid up in the wall, and the spaces separating each pair of ribs 2 and vention to utilize the twin wall channel) brick with other building materials forming part of the width of the wall, and at any point in the width. Thus the channel brick and twin wall structure may be positioned at either or both faces of a wall or intermediate. In order to form a mortar interlock and to facilitate the seating of adjacent vertical tiers of brick on the horizontal mortar course, I may form the brick shown in Fig. 1 with an offset relatively with the horizontal body portion 1, thus formin horizontal mortar-receiving channels 6 1n one face opposite the spaces 7 between the main lengths of each rib 2 and 3. Vith this block cut in two it may be laid up in a wall either side uppermost, and is interchangeable and reversible without materially aecting the strength of the twin walls or the vertical alinement of each pair of walls comprising the inner and outer twin wall sides. The area of the exposed outer surface of each rib 3 is preferably of the same size as that of a standard brick, so that these exposed faces will give an appearance and finish of a sol-id brick wall, said faces 8 being laid up with broken joints and bonded by the usual horizontal mortar course v9 and vertical course 10, giving the ordinary appearance.

As illustrated in Fig. 2, I prefer to build a twin wall with this type of brick with the vdeeper space 7 uppermost between the ribs 2 and 3 to facilitate the piling in of the mortar as shown at 11, filling the space 7, binding the vertical ribs 2 and3 together, and holding suiicient material to fill the small horizontal channel 6 in the next brick which is forced downwardly on the rough mortar layer 11, squeezing the mortar up into the channel 6. This construction provides a mortar interlock in each of the Walls and gives the additional strength of a plurality of ribs, as well as a combined wall consisting of said plurality of vertical ribs bonded by a vertical mortar course. Each vertical rib is thus strengthened by bonding with the adjacent rib in each twin wall, and each wall is bound by the horizontal tie member 1 formed integrally with a plurality of vertical ribs constituting each side wall. I have discovered that this construction in a wall where the face of each of my channel brick is of regular brick size, viz., approximately 8 inches by 2i inches, and with a pair of vertical ribs 2 and 3 with their filling and binding mortar 11 so spaced as to give a solid wall 2% to 3 inches thick on each side or face, and a contained internal air space of 3 or 2 inches in width, respectively, constitutes a double fire-resisting wall, each face being capable of resisting fire to a very-high degree, and also an absolutely moistureproof wall construction. Any possible degree of moisture which would drive through the mass of mortar 9 and 11 would be entirely dissipated in the contained air space 12, and even should moisture condense and v binding 17, thus strengthening each rib and accumulate in the space 12', it would be prevented from driving through the other'wall by the vertical face of the inner rib 2.

In Figs. 3 and 4 a simpler form of channel brick and twin wall construction is illustrated, wherein the horizontal or body portion 13 of the brick rus across its entire width and the inner vertical ribs 14 and outer vertical ribs 15 are formed on one side of the horizontal tie member 13, the mortar spaces 16 between each vertical rib 14 and 15 being also on one side of the tie member.

In a wall construction formed with this modified form of my channel brick, the same advantages as those just explained are obtained, each side facel of the wall so made consisting in a plurality of vertical ribs, each strengthened by the mortar filling and also securing thebenefit of a solid load-carrying wall comprising a plurality of alternate 'ribs and mortar. In this form of my in vention'the mortar interlock is present only in one face of the brick, z'. e, in the space 16, which preferably is turned uppermost to receive -the mortar filling 17 in a rough mass similar to the mass 11 as illustrated in Fig. 2, the next adjacent channel brick being forced thereon and squeezing the mortar outwardly over the tops of the ribs 14 and 15.

In Fig. 5 a still further modification is illustrated, wherein the channel brick is formed with its body portion 18 uniting the vertical ribs substantially midway of their faces, in effect having a plurality of vertical ribs 19, 20, 21 and 22, extended on opposite sides of the member 18 and in alinement. In this form the spaces 23 and 24 between the ribs 19 and 20 on one side 4of the body portion 18, and 21 and 22 on the opposite side, respectively, are substantially equal, and the benefit of a mortar interlock of equal extent is obtained in a wall construction lwith this brick. Furthermore, in thisform of channel brick it is entirely immaterial which face is laid uppermost, the brick being entirely reversible and interchangeable.

In each of the forms herein illustrated, I prefer to make the outer exposed face of the vertical rib substantially equal in area to that of standard brick, as above explained,"

although, of course, it is feasible to make the vertical ribs of this brick of larger area if desired. The important features of the invention consist in the cheapness of manufacture and of construction, the ease and economy in transportation, speed in building, and the twin wall construction, or double pairs of walls, each side or face of the entire wall being formed of a plurality of vertical ribs, and preferably made solid with the mortar bondingand each side wall united with the opposite side Wall by the integral channel brick being better suited for the mission of the binding mass of mortar, as shown in my copending applications, as above mentioned. A still further advantage of this construction is that I secure substantially as large a mass of mortar in the horizontal course for load bearing as in ordinary solid brick wall construction, and as is well known,rthe strength of a brick wall is dependent, not only upon the compressive strength of the brick, but that of the mortar course. Thus'in my channel brick securing a large area for they bonding, very great strength is obtained. It Will also be understood that either exterior side face of the wall may be left with the brick face like that of the finished brick, or such face may be coated with cement or plaster, as indicated at 25, and my channel bricks are easy of handling, capable of being picked up by the .mason with one hand. grasping a. pair o well defined ribs and 'open channels running horizontally through the brick and through the wall. These open channels are plural in number and ofsubstantial depth, sufficient tol constitute a considerable saving in the necessary amount of brick material to form the brick and in its weight as compared with a solid brick of similar dimensions. Further, .these open channels are of sufficient extent to form efficient air spaces in the brick, as well as substantial mortar receiving receptacles, capable of being quickly, easily,- and accurately filled by the mason owing to the open construction. In order to form such channels, the ribs forming them, especially the outer ribs constituting the eX- posed faces of the brick, are of substantial height, so as to enable the mortar course applied in the mortar receiving recess to constitute a substantial amount of filling material, and to bond adjacent'ribs into a com- Y brick material. In using the term ribs,

therefore, in the specification and the claims, as well as the terms channel brick, mortar receiving recesses, and vertically alternating brick and bonding material, I refer particularly to the characteristic features of my invention above described. As my invention presents the many advantages of substantial saving in Weight, material, transportation, brick laying, handling, and the like, already specified, all of which are inseparable to the channel type of brick above explained, coupled with great strength, fire proofness, and moisture proofness, I believe that the terms and phrases just defined should cover any equivalent construction which will enable the same or similar advantages to be had. For illustration, the ribs of a pair may be differently shaped, may havel one relatively thicker than the other, one shorter, if desired, one free standing and one reinforced or braced, but so long as the saving in weight, material, transportation," and the like, and the capability of building myload-carrying composite pillar in a hollow wall is present, the characteristics and advantages of my invention are embodied and these features are intended to be covered in the appended claims. Also the mortar receiving recesses above mentioned,

if of a size to permit a substantial filling of mortar suiiicient to bond adjacent ribs or rib-like parts into a load-carrying pillar, may be of a suitable depth, area, or extent for any particular work. And if the channel brick has the open mortar receiving-recesses adjacent an internal air space, so as to permit the building'of my hollow twin wall construction the present invention is carried out.`

My invention is further described and defined in the form of claims as follows:

1'. Hollow wall construction, comprising a plurality of ysuper-imposed channel brick, each brick having a body portion with a plurality of vertically extending ribs, said ribs having vertical side walls, and each brick including a spaced pair of ribs adja-V4 cent each outer edge of the brick, said outer pairs of ribs constituting mortar-receiving channels, mortar uniting each of said outer pairs of ribs into a load-carrying pillar of vertically alternating brick and bonding material, and each load-carrying pillar being adjacent an air space in the wall.

2. Hollow lwall construction, comprising a plurality of super-imposed channel bricks, each brick being of a width substantially equal to the thickness of the wall and having a horizontal body portion connecting spaced pairs 'of perpendicularly extending ribs adjacent each wall face, each outer rib being of substantially standard brick area, said pairs of ribs constituting mortar receiving channels Laietana face of the wall and with its outer rib of substantially standard brick area, the said outer rib and its adjacent rib constituting, with the ribs of the abutting brick ofthe same course, a continuous mortar receiving channel, mortar uniting theribs of said pair and also bearing upon the body portion of a super-imposed brick with a greater area than the cross section of said ribs, thus forming a load-carrying pillar as one side of a horizontal air space.

4. Hollow wall construction, formed of super-imposed channel bricks adapted to be laid horizontally, each brick 4having a horizontal body portion and load-carrying pillars at each face of the wall, said pillars inclosing two sides of a horizontal air space, each pillar comprising a pair of spaced vertical load-carrying ribsl having vertical side walls, said ribs being in alinement with ribs of the super-imposed brick, and bonding material uniting the two ribs of each pair throughout their length and, height, the outer rib of each pair forming a portion of the exposed face of the wall and being of substantially standard brick area.

5.v Hollow wall construction, comprising twin walls united by a tie member of brick material adjacent an air space in the wall, said tie member comprising a body portion extending from wall to wall and having a plurality of vertically extending ribs in each wall, said ribs in each wall having vertical sides and being united by mortar into a load carrying pillar of vertically alternating brick and bonding material.

6. Hollow wall construction, comprising a plurality of super-imposed channel bricks, each brick having a horizontal body portion provided with vertically extending loadcarrying rib-like members having vertical side walls and arranged in pairs adjacent the outer edges of the brick, together with provision for an internal air space, bonding material filling the space between a pair and uniting said pair into a load-carrying pillar of ,vertically alternating brick and bonding material, the ribs of a pair constituting the innerand outer wall faces' of said pillar.

`7. Hollow wall construction comprising twin walls composed of a plurality of superand said body portion having a vertically extending section built into each wall, said Sections having a plurality of mortar retaining ribs adjacent super-imposed brick, and mortar filling said recesses and extending across the edge of said ribs.

8. Hollow wall construction comprising twin walls composed of a plurality of superimposed bricks, each brick having a body portion extending from wall to wall across the hollow space between said twin walls, and said body `portion having a vertically extending section built into each wall, said sections having a plurality of mortar retaining ribs formed in each wall section, both in the upper and lower portions of the wall sections and mortar Iilling adjacent recesses and extending across adjacent edges of ribs in each wall.

9. Hollow wall construction, comprising a plurality of super-imposed bricks, each brick having a connecting body portion and a load-carrying portion at each face of the wall, the outer vertical face of each loadcarrying portion constituting a part of the exposed face of the wall and being of substantially standard brick area, the inner Jlace of each load-carrying portion being adjacent an air space and having a vertically opening, lengthwise extending channel parallel to the face of the wall, forming a pair of spaced ribs, and bonding material uniting the successive superimposed wall portions into a pair of spaced load-c-arrying walls, said bonding material being Ainterposed between the opposed faces of the s everal super-imposed wall portions and lling the channels and covering the edges of thel ribs of the several pairs of ribs.

10. Hollow wall construction, comprising a plurality of super-imposed bricks, each brick having a connecting body portion and a load-carrying portion at each face of the wall, the outer vertical face of each loadcarrying portion constituting a part of the exposed face of the wall and being of substantially standard brick area, the inner face of each load-carrying portion, being adjacent an air space and having on b oth top and bottom sides, a vertically opening, lengthwise extending channel parallel to the face of the wall, forming a pair of spaced ribs, and bonding material uniting the successive super-imposed wall portions into a pair of spaced load-carrying walls, said bonding material being interposed between the opposed faces of the several super-imposed wall portions and illing the channels and covering the edges of the ribs of the several pairs of ribs.

11. A channel brick for wall construction provided with a' body vertically extending ribs or wall sections of approximately equal thickness, the width of the body portion plus the wall sections being substantially the thickness of the wall, the ribs or wall sections being arranged in pairs adjacent each edge of said body portion, the outer walls of each pair being the wall vfaces of the brick, and the pairs of twin walls and the walls of each pair being separated from each other by sufficient spaces whereby substantial open mortar receiving channels and an intervening open channel-like air space are provided.

12. A brickfor wall construction provided with a body portion connecting a plurality of. vertically extending ribs the said ribs being arranged in spaced pairs adjacent the ends `of the body portion, the outer ribs of each pair being the wall faces of the brick and the pairs of said ribs and the ribs constituting each pair, being spaced, whereby substantial open mortar-receiving channels are provided adapted to hold a mass of mortar sufiicient to retain the mortar on top of the ribs, said pairs of ribs being separated by an air space.

13. A hollow tile brick for walls composed of a central body portion on each side of which are provided twin walled, mortarreceiving channels, the channels being of substantial width and all parts of the block being 'of the saine thickness throughout, whereby pillars of alternating brick and binding material with an intervening air space are provided in a wall structure.

14. A brick provided with a body portion and parallel pairs of ribs, said pairs of ribs constituting wall sections of substantially the same thickness, said body portion connecting said wall sections, the outer face of each pair being the wall faces of the brick, and the pairs of ribs and the wall sections formed by each pair being separated from each .other by substantial distances whereby substantial mortar-receiving channels and an intervening air space are provided.

Intestimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JONATHAN P. B. FISKE.

Witnesses:

JAMES R. HODDER, R. Gr. HERSEY.

portion connecting It is hereby eerted that Letters Patent' No. 1,304,552, granted May 27, 1919, upon the applietion of Jonathan P. B. Fiske, of New York, N. Y., for an' improvement in Wall Construetionsand Channel-Brick Therefor, were erroneously issued A to the inventor, said Fiske, Whereas said Letters Patent should have been issued t to Fiske c@ Company, incorporated, #Boston-Massachusetts, said corporation being i owner of the entire interest in said invention,vas shown by the records of assignments in this office; and that'\the said Letters Patent should "be reed with this Correction therein that the same mayconform to the record of Y the ease in the Patent Office. I A Y A Signed and'sealed-this 1st day of July, A.D., 1919.

` Y J. T. NEWTON,

Commissioner of Patents'.

[SEAL] i 

